In What Way, According to Rousseau, is Humanity Perverse Essay

In What Way, According to Rousseau, is Humanity Perverse - Essay Example In these regards, Rousseau points to a number of pre-Enlightenment collectives, such as the Germanic tribes, that, he believes, were able to function in a more harmonious state as a result of their proximity to natural human instincts. German philosopher Immanuel Kant considered many of the same aspects of human nature and Enlightenment similar to Rousseau. There are varying degrees to which Kant’s celebration of the Enlightenment is inconsistent with Rousseau’s view of the perversity of humanity. Kant’s celebration of the Enlightenment is, perhaps, most inconsistent with Rousseau’s views on the perversity of humanity in terms of the beneficial social gain achieved in the move from the Medieval Ages to the Renaissance. It has been demonstrated that Rousseau rejects blanket assertions of this move as being an indictor or social progress as to an extent he believes that it perverts the natural state of humanity. This is contrasted with Kant’s perspect ive on Enlightenment as a clear and direct means of humanity absolving itself from its immaturity. Consider Kant’s writing, â€Å"Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another† (Kant, p. 45). To a large extent, the inconsistency between Kant and Rousseau’s perspective here can be linked to notions of intellectual modernism. While Kant has embraced the idea that intellectual and social progress operate on a linear path of enlightenment, Rousseau has resisted this concept, contending instead that it is oftentimes possible for ostensible social progress to be a perversion of humanity’s natural... This essay has examined Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s conception of human perversity. It has further considered the extent that Rousseau’s perspective on human perversity is inconsistent with Kant’s celebration of the Enlightenment. In these contexts of understanding, it’s argued that the main inconsistency between the perspectives is in terms of micro and macro-scales of thought. On an individual scale, Rousseau rejects the Enlightenment as pure progress, while Kant embraces it as an escape for immaturity. Conversely, on a large-scale, both theorists recognize that in rejecting divine sovereignty, society can be entrusted with achieving self-governance through the social contract and categorical imperative. While Rousseau and Kant disagree on the blanket nature of social progress as achieved through the Enlightenment, to a degree it’s clear that Rousseau’s perspective on the social contract and Kant’s perspective on social mores are consist ent. The divergence in understanding between Kant and Rousseau’s perspectives on human perversion and social progress are evident when considered from a larger scale.

The Marketing Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Marketing Environment - Assignment Example Brands. Yum which was started by Pepsico Inc. is a major franchise with such names as Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dong Fang Ji Bai and A & W restautrants. Its main operation strategy has been to establish a franchise (Cyrek, 2009). Franchising is using another firm’s successful business strategy to develop one’s business. The brand of one company is therefore used to sell by another according to a business agreement between the two (Anttonen, 2005). Just like Yum, Subway is a franchise. The main deifference is that wherass Yum offers a variety of services, Subway specializes in fast foods, with sandwiches as their main product. This specialization has given Subway an edge since it is easily identified with the sandwich which is its main widely recognized product. In a way it is the swift expansion program that worked to Yum’s advantage, yet presently they don’t seem to have anywhere else to expand to, since their company has saturated its primary US, European and Asian market (Subway, 2008). Subway still enjoys a lot of room for expansion especially to the newly emergent Chinese market. Marketing the sandwich is therefore a process that will keep expanding for subway in the near future. But the biggest key advantage Subway has is in its name, they mainly market their products in subways with passengers who just find the product very convenient to grab on the way to their destinations (Subway, 2008). Products such as sandwiches do well in markets where people have a relatively high disposable income. A busy environment in which people have tight work schedules that does not give them the extra time to cook for themselves also suffices. Subways which serve customers on transit are quite strategic for selling sandwiches too just as explained above. The main trends that affect the business is economic recession such as the one which started in 2007. Sandwiches may be delicious, but they are classified as luxuries and are thus

Risk Assessment Report For Cinema Complex Construction Essay

Risk Assessment Report For Cinema Complex Construction Essay The purpose of this report is to conduct a thorough risk assessment of the premises and identify potential workplace hazards. The risk assessment was conducted using a specially designed Risk Assessment Structure which gauges the potential risk of a hazard by assessing the likelihood of the hazard occurring against the severity of outcome of the hazard. Through conducting a risk assessment of the facility, seven unaddressed hazards have been identified. The identified hazards whilst mostly low-to-medium risk in nature still present the potential to cause injury to guests and employees, well as causing damage to the companys property, plant and equipment which could ultimately have a negative impact on the companys human, financial and physical assets. The risks associated with the identified hazards are; the potential for the popcorn maker to catch fire, a lack of protective foot ware, filling the popcorn dispenser, tiling in the front-of-house area, hot oil and kernels spitting from the popcorn maker, electrical cord checking procedures and the location of emergency mapping. In order to reduce the potential risk the identified hazards pose, several recommendations have been made. The potential for a popcorn maker fire to occur can be reduced through adequate training and placing signage detailing the correct cooking method on the popcorn maker. The potential for oil to seep into employees shoes can be reduced significantly be replacing the current fabric based Converse All Stars with leather shoes. If this is not a financially viable option the role of producing popcorn can be transferred to kitchen staff that are required to wear leather shoes. The potential for slips to occur on tiling can be reduced by applying a non-slip coating or placing anti-slip grip over the most vulnerable areas. Introducing personal protective clothing will reduce the risk of burns caused by spitting from the popcorn maker. Monitoring electrical cords on a quarterly basis as opposed to annually will help to detect an electrical hazard before it occurs. Repositioning the facili ties emergency map and installing a battery operated touch light above it will increase its visibility in an emergency situation. Table of Contents 1. Introduction The Candy Bar, being a primary revenue centre, plays a vital role in the operation of a cinema complex. The Candy Bar being assessed for this report is located within a cinema complex at Bondi Junction, Sydney. Alongside the Candy Bar the multi-level cinema complex also contains seven traditional auditoriums, two V-max cinemas, two Gold Class auditoriums and a cafà © and bar. The primary focus of this report is to identify workplace hazards located within the Candy Bar and provide recommendations to reduce the risk that they pose. A risk assessment has been developed to assess the level of risk that an identified hazard poses. The assessment structure determines the level of risk associated with the hazards by measuring the likelihood of the hazard to ____ against the severity of the harm caused. 2. Background to the facility The Candy Bar is an 18-meter by 10-meter facility located within the main foyer of a multi-level cinema complex located at Bondi Junction, Sydney. The Candy Bar offers customers both hot and cold food and beverage options and is staffed by up to six employees during busy periods. The Candy Bar has been designed with the intention of being a self-service facility and thus contains a variety of specialized equipment to meet this goal. The facility consists of three primary functional sections; back-of-house, front-of-house and the cash registers. Figure 1 shows a layout of the facility. The back of house area is where all hot and cold food is prepared for sale and where all packaged goods are stored before being moved to the self service area of the Candy Bar for sale. The Candy Bar is entirely self service and contains a variety of specialized equipment designed to meet this need. The registers section of the Candy Bar consists of five touch screen, computer operated, registers, which operate using the Vista POS (Point Of Sale) system. Attached to each computer are hand held scanners which are used to process all items with barcodes. In June of 2010 the candy bar was closed for several weeks whilst it was rebranded and refurbished. The recent renovation means that a large portion of the equipment in the facility is less than six months old. With the exception of one ice machine all equipment is in good working order. At the time of reporting the carpet which covered the majority of the front-of-house floor has been removed and is in the process of being replaced with tiles. Fig. 1 Layout of the Candy Bar 3. Analysis of the facilities safety equipment and procedures 3.1. Hazard identification and reporting procedures The company has extensive hazard identification and reporting procedures similar to that outlined by ODonnell (1993). As well as actively encouraging employees to report potential hazards. A formal Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) audit of the premises is carried out each quarter by the Workplace Safety Coordinator (see Appendix __ for job description). When a hazard is identified it is immediately reported to the Duty Manager and the WSC, who assume responsibility for managing the risk. They then assess the level of risk associated with the hazard by completing a mandatory Fixing a Workplace Hazard form, which is then stored on the companies intranet and on the OHS board so that all employees are aware of the hazard. The management team then implement internal controls aimed at eliminating or reducing the risk to an acceptable level. If the hazard cannot be resolved by the management team and WSC it must be referred to the appropriate Regional Manager or the National Operations Executive (OHS) who will provide assistance in resolving the issue. In addition to dealing with hazards on a site-by-site basis a National Workplace Health and Safety Committee also convenes quarterly. The committee which consists of six representatives from various divisions within the company meets to discuss OHS issues which allows for the sharing of information across sites, as a hazard identified at one venue is likely to be present at others. 3.2. Training The cinema has in place a strong OHS training program. For employees, hazard identification training begins at their induction. As well as participating in workshops employees are also required to fill in a series of workbooks relating to OHS during their first weeks of employment. As recommended by ____ ___, the company also schedules two formal and compulsory fire and armed robbery training sessions each year to ensure that employees are capable of responding efficiently to fires, evacuations, armed holdups and bomb threats. 3.3. Emergency equipment ITEM QTY LOCATION AGE LIFE CONDITION Fire blanket 2 Gasoline generator 1 Back of house 6 years 15 years Average http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/docs/hospSafeDesignComKitchen.pdf Emergency equipment located within the Candy Bar includes __ fire extinguishers, __ fire blankets, __ fire hoses __ first aid kits, __ emergency evacuation signs, __ hazardous product information sheets and gasoline generator. 4. Risk Assessment 4.1 Risk assessment structure methodology Risk estimation can be quantitative, semi quantitative or qualitative in terms of the probability of occurrence and the possible consequence (IRM Risk Management Standard 2002). In order to identify and measure the potential risk associated with identified hazards within the cinema a qualitative risk assessment structure has been developed. The structure takes the form of a two-dimesional matrix (see table 1) measures the severity of the risk against the likelihood of the hazard occurring. The probability of the hazard occurring is divided into four categories; unlikely, possible, likely and certain as recommended by SafeWork SA (2010). An unlikely hazard is one that could occur but only in rare circumstances. A possible hazard could occur but it would be unlikely for it to eventuate. A likely hazard will probably occur at some point in time and a certain hazard poses an imminent threat. Likelihood ratings LIKELIHOOD CATEGORY DESCRIPTION Almost certain A 75% chance of occurrence. Likely B Will probably occur 25% to 75% chance of occurrence in ten-year Possible C Might occur at some point in time Unlikely D May occur in exceptional circumstances chances of occurrence are less than 2% in ten-year period. Risk consequence descriptions The objective of risk description is to display identified risks in a structured format, for example by using a table. The risk description and assessment of risks. The use of a well-designed structure is necessary to ensure a comprehensive risk identification, description and assessment process. By considering the consequence and probability of each risks set out in the table, it should be possible to prioritise the key risks that need to be analysed in more detail (IRM Risk Management Standard 2002). 1.Name of risk Minimal, Serious, Major Catastrophic. 2. Scope of risk Qualitative description of the event, its size, type, number and dependencies. 3. Nature of risk Operational, Structural 4. Risk tolerance/ Appetite Value at risk Probability and size of potential losses/gains Objective(s) for control of the risk and desired level ofperformance 5. Risk treatment control mechanisms Primary means by which the risk is currently managed Levels of confidence in existing control Identification of protocols for monitoring and review. Risk assessment matrix Probability X Severity UNLIKELY POSSIBLE LIKELY ALMOST CERTAIN Minimal:bruising, minor cuts, mild chemical irritation of eyes or skin Low risk Low risk Low risk Medium risk Serious:loss of consciousness, burns, electric shock, broken bones, injury resulting in absence from work for more than 3 days, other non-permanent chemical effects Low risk Medium risk Medium risk High risk Major:permanent injury will result, major damage to property, plant and equipment or financial assets Low risk Medium risk High risk High risk Catastrophic:loss of life, severe restrictions in the operation of the facility Medium risk High risk High risk High risk Probability: Severity of injury: Risk: (Figure Risk Assessment structure presented in a table) 4.2 Identified Hazards A thorough hazard identification assessment of the facility has identified six unaddressed risks within the Candy Bar. 4.2.1. Popcorn maker fires It is vital when making popcorn that the correct popcorn making procedures are followed. If oil is entered into the kettle before the corn kernels it can quite easily combust and catch of fire when the seed hits the hot oil. Whilst staff are trained in how to make popcorn this hazard is not highlighted and employees could easily fill the kettle with oil before adding the corn seed, believing that the order of adding the ingredients does not affect the making of the popcorn. 4.2.2 Lack of protective footwear Currently Candy Bar employees are required to wear Converse All Star shoes. Whilst the shoes complement the uniform the fabric that they are made of presents a hazard. It is possible that whilst making popcorn oil and hot seeds can spit from the popcorn maker or oil can drip from fryers which will seep through the shoes fabric and burn employees. 4.2.3. Filling the popcorn dispenser The Candy Bar features a large self-service popcorn dispenser, which is maintained by employees from the back-of-house. In order to fill the dispenser employees are required to tip the popcorn in from the top of the unit. As the warmer stands at ___cm this requires employees to stand on a stool in order to do so. To accomplish this task safely a round stool has been provided however the stool is fitted with wheels which could cause it to slip if placed on a wet floor or on top of popcorn which has been spilt on the floor. It is also common for the stool to be taken and used in other parts of the cinema with staff resorting to using milk crates to stand on when filling the dispenser. This has the potential to cause serious injury as the crates are not designed to withstand the weight of a human and also have no nonslip features. 4.2.4 Tiling in the front-of-house area As part of recent refurbishments carpet that used to cover the floor in the ques to the cash registers have been replaced with tiles. The tiles present a hazard to customers as they become highly slippery when wet which happens quite frequently as customers often spill drinks. 4.2.5. Hot oil and kernels spitting from the popcorn maker The popcorn machine presents a hazard to employees as it is possible for hot oil and popcorn seeds to spit out of the machine and burn employees. 4.2.6. Electrical cord checking procedures It is company policy that all electrical cords located within a hostile work environment are inspected on a twelve monthly basis and that they are tagged with the inspection date (see fig. ). The company defines a hostile work environment as a working environment where the electrical equipment is normally subjected to events or operating conditions likely to damage equipment i.e. exposure to moisture, heat, vibration, dust and fumes and cord flexing (Greater Union, Birch, Caroll and Coyle 2008). In accordance with company policy the Maintenance Officer who also acts as the SWC inspects the cords on an annual basis. However only inspecting the cords on an annual basis leaves employees at risk of electric shock if the cords are to become frayed or damaged during the year. 4.2.7. Location of complex map 6. Recommendations Listed below are a series of practical and realistic recommendations for minimizing the risk of the five identified hazards. 6.1. Popcorn maker fires To reduce the likelihood of an employee incorrectly entering ingredients into the popcorn maker it is suggested that informative signage is attached to the popcorn maker. The signage should warn of the dangers associated with incorrectly making popcorn and should also demonstrate the correct popcorn making procedure. The signage could easily be attached to the bottom of the middle section of the popcorn maker (see figure _ for example of where to place signage). 6.2. Lack of protective footwear Two possible options have been identified for reducing the risk of this hazard. This hazard could be eliminated by removing the Converse shoes and replacing them with similar leather shoes which still fit with the theme of the uniform and which would stop spilt oil from burning employees feet. This however could be a costly solution as the shoes which are less than six months old would need to be replaced. It is also suggested that the job of making popcorn could be transferred from those who are working in generally in the Candy Bar to employees who are working specifically in the kitchen. Employees working in the kitchen are required to wear protective leather shoes and having them prepare the popcorn would significantly reduce the chance of oil seeping through shoes. 6.3. Filling the popcorn dispenser It is recommended that the stool that is currently being used as an aid when filling the popcorn warmer is replaced with a small step ladder. Replacing the stool with a ladder similar to that in figure _ will provide a sturdy platform for employees to work with. The ladder is fitted with non-slip steps and non-slip stoppers on its legs which will help to prevent the ladder from becoming unsteady and slipping. 6.4. Tiles in the front-of-house area To reduce the risk of customers slipping on wet tiles it is recommended that the tiles are covered with a non-slip tile coating. Several companies offer non-slip coatings which are simply washed onto the tiles. The coatings are invisible, do not cause a sticky sensation and can easily be mopped away at the end of service and reapplied the next day. 6.5. Hot oil and popcorn spitting from the popcorn maker It is recommended that in order to reduce the risk of injury from spitting oil and popcorn kernels, new protective clothing is introduced. It is suggested that employees making popcorn should be required to wear protective glasses and apron which will reduce the likelihood of spits from the popcorn machine from injuring staff. Measures such as these are already mandatory conditions across the United Kingdom (Joyce 2010). 6.6. Electricity checking procedures As part of an overall strategy of risk control, there are a number of general precautions that should be observed when working with electrical equipment such as computers or printers at the front office. Always turn off and disconnect the computer from the power point before moving it or doing any electrical work on it. Remember, a computer carries at lease 240V and needs to be treated with respect. Become familiar with electronic equipment before operating or servicing it. Try to avoid working on live equipment but when it is unavoidable never work alone. When servicing electrical equipment never leave it turned on when unattended. Observe warning signs or stickers on computer equipment. Due to its public nature, the establishment has to maintain emergency system to use in the event of a power failure. The system includes gasoline-powered generators to provide sufficient power for lighting computers, corridors and limited elevators service. Frequently this emergency system is automated. Although in some instance the workers have to switch the main electric plug. The workers should be educated and prepared for such instances to avoid panicking situation. (Dittmer 2002) 6.7. Appropriate Emergency Planning The staff at the Candy Bar should be trained according to the guidelines of Emergency Planning Committee. The management should ensure that appropriate people are assigned to specific roles on each shift and their responsibilities in emergency situations are clarified. (Van der Wagen Goonetilleke 2004). 7.0 Conclusion The Risk Assessment Report has analysed present and potential risks at the Candy Bar of Event Cinema Bondi Junction. It was found that the premises were surrounded by various hazards such as pop-corn maker fires, lack of protective footwear, tilling in-front of the house-area and Hot oil and kernels spitting from the popcorn maker. Due to its Public nature offering hospitality to a large number of people everyday even though the management followed OHS policies and procedures for risk prevention. The identified risks are then analyzed to establish the exposure for each risk and to determine which risk items are the most important ones to address. The report also provides effective recommendations on how to implement risk prevention strategies and risk treatments such as establishing a three-day employee-training workshop to ensure employee and customer safety at the premises. Also appropriate emergency planning should be implemented involving specific people assigned to specific role s in emergency situations.

Deformity in Richard III :: Richard II Richard III Essays

Richard III and Deformity Some scholars insist that Richard was neither crippled nor humpbacked, and they are passionately dedicated to proving that Shakespeare's portrait of the inhuman monster is based on Tudor propaganda used to bolster Henry VII's weak claim to the throne The only "proof" we have of Richard III's deformity is that which is provided by Sir Thomas More in "The History of King Richard the Third". It is here that modern readers digest the adjectives which forever plague Richard "Little of stature, ill-featured of limbs, crooked-backed, his left shoulder much higher than his right". This description may seem horrible, but it is only compounded when it is placed next to the deformity of his character. Regardless of whether Richard was truly the demon he was portrayed to be, the role of Richard III as established by William Shakespeare is one of the more challenging roles for the Shakespearean actor. Because this week's annotations were to be focused on the actor's perspective of Shakespeare, I chose to focus my posting on the same topic. First of all, Richard III is on stage longer than any other Bard character. Usually, the time on stage is not a bed of roses either. The actor must limp, wear a hump, or at least hunch over for the duration of the play. This may doom an actor to chiropractic sessions for the rest of their life! Certain actors have defined the role of Richard. Antony Sher researched the affects of scoliosis on the body, and any other back deformity he could. When it was time for him to begin acting the role and he saw the make-up crews version of his hump he stated, "With my heart in my mouth, I hurry over to see my back. It's much softer than I imagined, lying on the floor like a big pink blancmange, a slice of blubber, a side of Elephant Man.

Life in America

Life in America was written by Thomas Low Nichols in the 1830s, it was a text that captured the life and the situation of the country some years after the 1812 war. It is somewhat hard to establish the precise genre of the text, since the literary styles were somewhat different in those days.The specific term here is somewhat, since all the literary genres that exist today also existed then, but some writing styles that existed in mid 19th century do not really exist anymore and the text by Nichols might just belong to a writing style that is gone.Essay writing in its original definition could be described as a writing of a report (e.g. about a country or a situation) in a rather poetic manner. This kind of writing was very popular in the 19th century since much of the period’s literature was inspired by epic works, struggles, revolutions and the romantic spirit. Revolutionary poems and this kind of â€Å"epic journalism† were very popular.The style to which the Nichols text bears such resemblance had a close relation to what used to called Travel Writing in several European languages. It is similar to the descriptive or epic journalism but it as an account of   a journey by a writer or a journalist, to some extent an equivalent to a foreign correspondent nowadays. Before the telegraph that was the only way to be kept in tune with the news abroad, the correspondent would send weekly or monthly reports through the mail and the texts would be published in journals or weeklies.Thomas Low Nichols is the perfect example of a high middle class amateur writer. The language he uses and the emphasis that is given to education in the text show a high level of education. He actually writes as a professional and was a writer by dedication (a quite famous one) but that most probably wasn’t his main source of income.High middle class people in post revolutionary America usually had family estates or businesses to run and wrote, practiced law or got inv olved into politics for patriotic, personal or sentimental reasons rather then looking for a career as the case is today.Nichols is obviously from an estate and business owning family. He shows us that through the story of his father: â€Å"My father had been drafted as a militia-man during the war of 1812, and might have fought in the famous battle of Plattsburg had not his business engagements made it necessary for him to hire a substitute, by which he lost not only much glory, but the bounty-money and a hundred and sixty acres of land, which was afterwards given to every surviving soldier whose name could be found upon the rolls of the army.†His father’s job was obviously important enough to allow him to hire a substitute as well as the fact that he became colonel shows a background of education and wealth.The most probable purpose of Nichols becoming a journalist and an author is a mixture of love for writing, patriotic feelings, positive hopes for a new country an d a new world.He belongs to the post revolutionary generation that might have lived through some periods of the revolution, but were too young to take any active part in it. His generation was more optimistic and â€Å"easy going† then their fathers as well as they were more cultured and interested in arts and poetry then their revolutionary fathers were. They also enjoyed a better and more certain economic situation then their struggling fathers. In other words Nichol’s generation was softer and more progressive.They were also very proud of what their fathers accomplished and Nichols actually gives us a mixed account of what has been accomplished by the war of independence as well as by the Cultural Revolution that was a direct result of the post revolutionary struggle for America’s place as a young and progressive country.His writing is basically directed at young Americans and Europeans in order to show them the progress that was accomplished in the 30-odd ye ars of the country’s independence. He writes first hand from personal experience and the literary sources available at the time.

American Anti Slavery

As we saw In the previous lecture, many Americans In the nineteenth century believed that slavery was justified by the Bible. Explain how The American Anti- Slavery Almanac, a well-known abolitionist publication whose authors attacked slavery, tried to discredit the notion that Christianity Justified slavery. | 200 words I 50 points. Throughout The American Anti-Slavery Almanac, abolitionists wrote that the Christians did many anti-slavery acts.On of the biggest arguments was the â€Å"negro seat† found In churches. On page 21, It states that churches â€Å"publicly deride and blasphemously criticize† this idea of the â€Å"negro seat† in churches. It also states that â€Å"Every church that has a â€Å"negro seat† keeps posted upon its walls a standing criticism on God's workmanship, a public proclamation of their contempt for It. † The church finds it wrong that many churches have designated seats for negros. â€Å"Why single out certain seats fo r them and make them sit in them? On page 37, it states â€Å"According to the Bible, oppression maketh a man mad; but according to the objector, top oppressing him and yon make him madder! That inflicting wrongs upon a person is calculated to exasperate him against the inflictor, everyone one knows,: and that the way to soothe his exasperation, make him forget his wrongs, and fill him with kind feelings towards you. † This explains that the wrong doings to a slave is against the Bible. God looks at everyone as his brothers and sisters.On Page 38, â€Å"Since robbing a man of his liberty and earnings, makes him your enemy, the first step to be aken in making him your friends, is to stop doing that which made him your enemy. The Bible gives this commonsense direction to all who wish to make others their friends. † 2. As we saw in the previous lecture, many Americans in the nineteenth century believed that slavery was an economic necessity. They argued that Its abolishin g would ruin the country's economy. Explain how The American Anti-Slavery Almanac tried to discredit this notion. 200 words | 50 points. Throughout The American Ann-slavery Almanac, abolitionists explained how they iscredited the idea that abolishing slavery would ruin the countrys economy. The abolitionists explained that getting rid of slavery would stop the theft that was going on between slaves and slaveholders and actually increase profit, which would help the economy. On page 44 it is explains that cotton is a major product that slaveholders have slaves working on. The slaves would steal a lot of this cotton causing loss of money.On page 36, it explains that getting rid of slavery would force he slaves to now work for their own money and benefits, which would open up more lobs and more spending, which all helps the economy. And lastly one other argument that was made throughout The American Anti-Slavery Almanac was that slaveholders would no longer have to pay their slaves and could now make and sell more products. All of these arguments come to one conclusion, which is that the abolitionists stressed tnat wltn tne a 01 t D I Ion 0T slavery wlll orlnga netter economy Tor Dotn tn slaveholders and slaves. American Anti Slavery As we saw in the previous lecture, many Americans in the nineteenth century believed that slavery was justified by the Bible. Explain how The American Anti-Slavery Almanac, a well-known abolitionist publication whose authors attacked slavery, tried to discredit the notion that Christianity justified slavery. | 200 words | 50 points. Throughout The American Anti-Slavery Almanac, abolitionists wrote that the Christians did many anti-slavery acts. On of the biggest arguments was the â€Å"negro seat† found in churches.On page 21, it states that churches â€Å"publicly deride and blasphemously criticize† this idea of the â€Å"negro seat† in churches. It also states that â€Å"Every church that has a â€Å"negro seat† keeps posted upon its walls a standing criticism on God’s workmanship, a public proclamation of their contempt for it. † The church finds it wrong that many churches have designated seats for negros. â€Å"Why single out certain se ats for them and make them sit in them?†On page 37, it states â€Å"According to the Bible, oppression maketh a man mad; but according to the objector, stop oppressing him and yon make him madder! That inflicting wrongs upon a person is calculated to exasperate him against the inflictor, everyone one knows,: and that the way to soothe his exasperation, make him forget his wrongs, and fill him with kind feelings towards you. † This explains that the wrong doings to a slave is against the Bible. God looks at everyone as his brothers and sisters.On Page 38, â€Å"Since robbing a man of his liberty and earnings, makes him your enemy, the first step to be taken in making him your friends, is to stop doing that which made him your enemy. The Bible gives this commonsense direction to all who wish to make others their friends. † As we saw in the previous lecture, many Americans in the nineteenth century believed that slavery was an economic necessity. They argued that it s abolishing would ruin the country’s economy. Explain how The American Anti-Slavery Almanac tried to discredit this notion.Throughout The American Anti-Slavery Almanac, abolitionists explained how they discredited the idea that abolishing slavery would ruin the country’s economy. The abolitionists explained that getting rid of slavery would stop the theft that was going on between slaves and slaveholders and actually increase profit, which would help the economy. On page 44 it is explains that cotton is a major product that slaveholders have slaves working on. The slaves would steal a lot of this cotton causing loss of money.On page 36, it explains that getting rid of slavery would force the slaves to now work for their own money and benefits, which would open up more jobs and more spending, which all helps the economy. And lastly one other argument that was made throughout The American Anti-Slavery Almanac was that slaveholders would no longer have to pay their slave s and could now make and sell more products. All of these arguments come to one conclusion, which is that the abolitionists stressed that with the abolition of slavery will bring a better economy for both the slaveholders and slaves.

The Best Jobs for Introverts Who Hate Social Interaction

The Best Jobs for Introverts Who Hate Social Interaction If you consider yourself introverted (or you just really prefer to work on your own), you might want to take your comfort with people  into account when choosing your career. Some professions will just plain demand more personal interaction than you can tolerate. The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) rated jobs on a scale of 0-100, based on how much contact with others is required and how much it requires a worker to be pleasant in their interactions.Here are their top jobs for introverts.If You Have a High School DiplomaPoet, lyricist, or creative writer: Solitude galore. And you’ll be in excellent company with some of the greatest writers who never bothered going to college and still wrote masterpieces. If you’re creative and good with words, it’s worth considering.Dental lab technician: Dentists have to talk to and see patients all day, but their technicians work behind the scenes making molds and doing other laboratory work. And most positions only r equire a diploma or equivalent.Farm or crop worker: If you love working outdoors and don’t mind physical labor, this could be great for you. You could work farm equipment, harvest fruits or vegetables, apply pesticides. And you won’t have to talk much while you do it. This industry is set to grow in the next few years. And there are many different ways to fit into the field.Potter: Operate machines or hand-make ceramics, pottery and stoneware. If you like working with your hands and are on the creative side, then this could be right for you.If You Have an Associate’s DegreePhotonics technician: Work in fiberoptics and with laser technology. This field is set to boom and is also a â€Å"green occupation† where you’d be working with energy-efficient activities and technologies.Machinist: This is another â€Å"green occupation† with a bright future, and it requires a whole lot more interaction with machines than with other people.If You Have  a Bachelor’s DegreeReal estate appraiser: Appraisers interact with properties, where agents interact with potential buyers and sellers. Spend your time appraising properties for purchases, sales, or loans.Cryotechnologist: A lab setting is always good for those who crave alone time. Take refuge among cell samples. You might need an additional post-graduate certification, but you can easily get your start with just a Bachelor’s degree.Geological Sample Test Tech: Survey and analyze geological samples. Another field in which you’ll spend a great deal of time on your own and outside.If You Have  a  Master’s Degree or HigherMathematician: Math is increasingly important in our technological age. If you have the talent and enjoy it, it’s a great way to take refuge in numbers and your own brain to solve the biggest problems of various fields.Archivist: You like people, but you prefer to interact with them on paper. Archivists maintain documents and d atabases, but often work in blissful silence on their own.Environmental Economist: If you have a head for numbers and love nature, this could be a great field for you. Another â€Å"green occupation† experiencing rapid growth, this research and analysis position will be incredibly valuable in the economy to come.

Assimilation - Voiced and Unvoiced French Sounds

Assimilation - Voiced and Unvoiced French Sounds Assimilation is a pronunciation phenomenon which causes consonant sounds to change according to the sounds that surround them. More specifically, assimilation occurs when voiced and unvoiced sounds are combined. Because it can be difficult to pronounce voiced and unvoiced sounds together, one or the other is assimilated: either a normally voiced consonant becomes unvoiced or a normally unvoiced consonant becomes voiced.Voicing - La Sonorità ©Voiced sounds (les sons sonores) occur when the vocal cords vibrate, while unvoiced consonants (les consonnes sourdes) are pronounced without vibrating the vocal cords. To understand the difference, place your hand on your Adams apple and say D and T. You should feel your vocal cords vibrate with the first sound but not the second.The voiced French consonants and sounds are B, D, G, J, L, M, N, R, V, Z, and all vowels.The unvoiced French consonant sounds are CH, F, K, P, S, and T.All unvoiced consonants have a voiced equivalent; i.e., the pairs are pronounced in the same place in the mouth/throat but the first is unvoiced while the second is voiced: CH - JF - VK - GP - BS - ZT - D Assimilation absent [ap sa(n)]obturation [uhp tu ra syo(n)] mà ©decin exact seconde is pronounced [seu go(n)d] rather than [seu ko(n)d].

An Observation of the Concert Beethovens Seventh at the Rhode Island Philharmonic

An Observation of the Concert Beethoven's Seventh at the Rhode Island Philharmonic I attended the Rhode Island Philharmonic on March 16, to see the concert Beethoven’s Seventh. The concert was nearly full attendance, so probably around 1700 people were there, out of the 2000 possible seats at The Veterans Memorial Auditorium. Most, if not all, of whom seemed to be enjoying it. Samuel Barber’s Second Essay for Orchestra, Op. 17, as well as Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony, Op. 92 in A major, were both conducted by Victor Yampolsky. Yampolsky was born in the Soviet Union, to a world-renowned pianist of a father, Vladimir Yampolsky. Before leaving The Soviet Union, Victor studied violin at The Moscow Conservatory, was a member of the Moscow Philharmonic, and earned Bachelor’s Degrees in both conducting and violin performance. Since his emigration in 1973, Victor has held positions at the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Atlantic Symphony Orchestra, Boston University Tanglewood Institute, Boston University School of Music, The National Symphony Orchestra on Johannesburg, and the Chicago Civic Orchestra. The Second Essay for Orchestra was finished on March 15, 1942 by Samuel Barber. It premiered around a month later, April 16, at Carnegie Hall. Barber was born in Westchester Pennsylvania in 1910. Studying piano from the age of six, Barber had written his first composition by the age of seven. He composed a myriad of pieces over his many years composing, dying at the age of 71 in 1981. Though short, The Second Essay was quite enjoyable to hear performed. The rhythm of the piece was consistently dramatic, or grand. On the other hand, The Seventh Symphony, Op. 92 in A major was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1811 and 1812 and consists of four movements. Born in 1770, Beethoven studied music from an early age, moving to Vienna at age twenty-one to study composition. Forty-one years of age at the start of its composition, Beethoven was suffering from headaches and high fevers. Prior to its composition, Beethoven had recently given up conducting in public due to his declining hea lth. The piece itself premiered in December 8, 1813, with Beethoven himself conducting it in Vienna. It was very well received, with the audience demanding an encore for the Allegretto part and Beethoven himself calling it possibly one of his best works. The drama and grandness of the Seventh Symphony often leave an impact on listeners. Allegretto is the favorite of the piece’s four movements, according to popular opinion or a count of demanded encores. That being said, my favorite movements of the performance was the first, Poco Sostenuto Vivace. While it begins slower in the ‘poco sostenuto’ part, it quickly transitions into what is called the ‘vivace’ part. This part of the movement is specifically what I enjoyed, its dancing, progressive rhythms and changes of key were pleasing to listen to.

E-Banking and ABC costing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

E-Banking and ABC costing - Assignment Example This article explores the implementation techniques of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in the banking sector on the example of bank in order to analyze the cost structure for traditional and electronic channel transactions. The article shows how it is possible to implement ABC in banking and proves empirically that electronic channels help reduce the costs of both banks and their clients. The setup and infrastructure to implement e-banking services requires a huge amount of initial outlay. Therefore, European banks have spent billions of euros into building direct channels like the Web, upgrading branches and call centres, and trying to integrate all these channels. Major financial futurists predicted bright prospects to electronic banking. But after some years of excitement it appeared that the banks' long-awaited sky-rocketing profits from this area would not be yielded. Around the world, Internet banks are faltering. This situation requires a profound analysis to be able to understand the real cost of e-banking, and e-bank transactions in particular. All major banks have declared e-business as one of their core strategies for future developments. Until recently, most of the pricing decisions about e-bank services were made instinctively as the current financial management information systems did not support such analysis. This research expThis research explores the implementation techniques of Activity-Based Costing in the banking sector on the example of bank in order to analyze the cost structure for traditional and electronic channel transactions. Also conclusions are drawn about the profitability of e-banking transactions. The research addresses the following questions: 1. How can ABC techniques be implemented in a bank How it is possible to allocate IT expenses to products 2. What are the cost elements of e-channel transactions What are the major cost groups 3. Are e-channel transactions cheaper than those made via the traditional channels Chapter 2: Role of E-banking In the past, banks have used a set of integrated distribution channels has provided the basis for them to build strong relationships with their customers. Those banks leading to shape the way in which products are distributed can often gain long lasting competitive advantages. Like ATMs and 'phone banking, the Internet is seen by many banks today as a new, low cost distribution channel (Feng 2001). Unlike traditional corporate networks (which usually have private computer networks in place), the Internet has become a mass infrastructure available to an ever-growing segment of the population. It is based on an open, standard protocol for communications, and it is relatively inexpensive and non-proprietary with global accessibility. Most of all, the Internet is not only cheaper than other distribution channels but also allows banks to reach new customers in new areas more easily (Feng 2001). The advantages both for banks and their customers are obvious, especially in terms of cost and convenience. If we assume that the end users have the basic understanding of internet usage then substantial cost savings can be achieved if banks can persuade their

Should Military Personnel Receive Extra Rights GP week 2 Essay

Should Military Personnel Receive Extra Rights GP week 2 - Essay Example As a result, the military should not be any different from civilians in their rights, including drinking, if the crimes in our society are to be prevented and punished. Soldiers have almost the same civil rights as civilians. The Congress passed civil rights laws ensuring that soldiers’ civil rights are no different from those of civilians. Moreover, as any civilian, a soldier is entitled to an attorney, marriage, voting, inheritance and several other rights. However, unlike civilians, soldiers are not allowed to run for office, be it partisan or nonpartisan, especially if it conflicts with their duties (Globalsecurity.org, 2012). There are arguments that soldiers should in fact have more rights. They have more duties. As a result, one could argue that soldiers too could be allotted some additional rights. In 2010, there was a discussion in the Congress that drinking age should be returned to 18 for soldiers. The argument was that if they are considered adults enough to die for their country, then they can be adults with a beer in their hand too, regardless of the fact that alcohol caused over 25,000 deaths in 2009 (Bishop, 2010; Kochanek et al., 2011, p.11). The bill was rejected. Historically, there was a way for soldiers to become immune in front of the court – martial. Such example was in Hirshberg v. Cooke (1949), where a soldier was in captivity by the Japanese (Everett, 1960, p.373). He was released, discharged from the Navy and then reenlisted the following day (Everett, 1960, p.373). However, when his crimes against other captives were discovered, the court – martial could not try him under another enlistment. He was set free. Another important case is of two Special Forces units who murdered and disposed of a third member (Everett, 1960, p.373). They were out of the military when their crimes were discovered. However, civilian courts could not try them, and since

Implementation of an Integral ERP System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Implementation of an Integral ERP System - Essay Example All these tasks have to performed on the real-time basis. Inventory control is one of the key areas, where a lot of companies claims to have saved the lot of money, which otherwise spent on manual inventory. Â  Here, an attempt has been made to understand the ERP solution, being used at Actavis, which is my SCM from the SAP. The system seems to be slightly low performing at the real-time, so a recommendation to adopt PeopleSoft Enterprise available from Oracle has been made. Advantages of the new system have been elaborated. Justification of change and a complete action plan has been prepared. A cost reduction, while using this system has been anticipated, mostly from inventory control. Â  2.0 Introduction: The changes over the past decade have expanded the business of many Fortune 500 and International companies. ERP had made an integral element within these large organizations. The modern ERP system performs "what if" analyzes for various processes, track human resource information, manage warehouses and allow sophisticated analysis and tracking of customer buying habits and preferences. These modern ERP systems are capable to track, monitor and share data across multiple locations (Karl et al, 2001, p. 22). Â  quality pharmaceutical bus... Â  e (About Actavis n.d.) and uses a Supply Chain Management (SCM) package of SAP Germany, to monitor, supply chain management, inventory management and sales records. Although the system is effective it is very low while executing. Actavis, being multinational is advised to adopt an ERP package from Oracle for improving supply chain management, throughout the globe. 3.0 Description of the current situation: At present mySCM from SAP is being used at the local location of the company Actavis. A day-to-day inventory management is being monitored and production is advised accordingly. To achieve a better production, supply, demand management, the following points need to be taken into consideration. Â  Production planning at all locations throughout the globe. Â  Consumption and demand patterns. Â  Supplying the product according to demand from one of the manufacturing location to obtain cost-effectiveness. Â  Distribution and customer services. Â  The current software is not able to deal with all the points as mentioned above, therefore in the current situation, there is a need to improve the supply chain management to achieve better results in sales, production in profits. Â   Â  

The Arab-Israeli Conflict Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Arab-Israeli Conflict - Assignment Example The importance of the Middle East can hardly be overstated. Spread across North Africa, Asia Minor and Near Asia, the term Middle East' refers to 22 countries. In geographic terms, these countries are the doorways to Africa and Asia. In economic terms, they are the world's largest repositories of oil and natural gas, holding the majority of the world's known reserves of natural energy. Further, in economic terms, the Arab Middle East represents a valuable source of investment capital which has the potential to significantly contribute to the economy of any nation it is even partially diverted to. In political terms, the Arab Middle East has, officially, been the voice of moderate Islam - a force which the Western world can no longer afford to ignore or dismiss as inconsequential, considering that it is the world's second largest religion and it is fastest growing one. At the present moment, the West and the Arab Middle East are engaged in a conflict which, to date... In other words, the protraction and continued intensification of the Arab-Israeli conflict have negatively impacted on the West and on Middle East-West relationships. The West and the international community cannot afford the continued alienation of the Arab Middle East. From the strategic perspective, they can not afford it from the economic, political or security standpoints. At the same time, the international community cannot compromise on the issue of the survival of the State of Israel or on its right to security. The implication here is that the international community has to devise an approach to the conflict which is founded upon international law.  

Illegal Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Illegal Immigration - Essay Example These people who make the entry are known as immigrant (Immigrant Assist, 2012). An immigrant who enters another country without going through the laid down laws therefore becomes an illegal immigrant. In the United States of American and in all legal jurisdictions around the world, illegal acts are offensive and punishable by law. For this reason, the fact that a person is touted as an ‘illegal’ immigrant alone renders the fellow an offender. Presently, there are very strict laws that prescribe various forms of punishments for people who are caught to be illegal immigrants. As a way of fighting against illegal immigration also, there are a lot of restrictions that have been put on people in the country who are not legal residents. Generally, the debate continues as to what should be done to people who are caught to be illegal immigrants. PROPONENTS Proponents of this debate argue on two major reasons why illegal immigrants should not be punished by the law. First, they argue on humanitarian grounds stating that people would generally travel to the United States of America by crook means because of the need to make greener pastures and alleviate themselves from the hardships they face in their countries. From a humanitarian perspectives therefore, these proponents advocate tempering justice with mercy. There also is an argument by the proponents that illegal immigrants contribute largely to the economy of the United States of America through their trade and other economic activities and thus the need to allow their integration into the United States population. In the light of the growing debate, there have been formal studies and research to confirm the quantitative contribution of illegal immigrants to the economy of the United States. For instance the White House Council of Economic Advisors (2007), reports that â€Å"U.S. natives gain an estimated $37 billion a year from immigrants’ participation in the U.S. economy, according to the Pr esident’s Council of Economic Advisors† (Drum Major Institute, 2012). This figure is by no means a small amount of money to the economic growth of the United States. For each illegal immigrant that is expelled from the country therefore, there is a percentage of this amount that is lost to the United States economy. OPPONENTS There are also those who do not agree that illegal immigration should be entertained. In the view of these opponents, illegal immigrants should continue to be sanctioned and expelled from the United States of America. These opponents argue on two major grounds. The first has to do with the argument of security reasons whiles the second has to do with improper national planning policy. First, it is argued that the continuous stay of people whose information cannot be accounted for constitutes a major security threat to the country. Especially as it is becoming clear that the United States is having more and more international enemies, it is always i mportant that authorities in the country can monitor each and every resident and their activities. However, this is not possible if people enter the country illegally or overstay their visa dates. Again, because the country does not have any formal information on illegal immigrants, it becomes very difficult to include them in national planning

Research paper on any controversy of an book author

On any controversy of an book author - Research Paper Example His works was dismissed by feminists, who believed that Hemingway’s tone was quite condescending and associated extremely foul traits with women. His hatred for women is understandable as throughout his life, he never had a stable relationship with the opposite sex that in turn led him to create some extremely controversial stories about women and the dynamics of marriage. When Hemingway was conscripted in the American army during the World War I, he fell in love with a nurse when he was admitted into a hospital after sustaining some heavy injuries on the battlefield. The said nurse’s name was Agnes and Hemingway was clearly infatuated with her. The two shared a short-lived romance and even made plans of marriage but Hemingway was left heartbroken when Agnes deemed her Italian fiance a better match for her than Hemingway. However, this was just the tip of the ice berg. Hemmingway’s misogynistic attitude roots back to his childhood and the conflict between him and his mother caused him to hold several grudges against women and these thoughts were often projected on to the male protagonists of his stories. Hemingway has said to have shown great hatred towards his mother on several occasions, who was an opera singer by profession. It is a documented fact that Hemingway referred to his mother as ‘That bitch’, he was weary of her mother’s domineering nature and despised her immensely for it. He believed that her mother not only emasculated his father, but also tried to emasculate him by not adhering to the gender roles and further inciting incestuous conflicts between his sister, Marceline and him (Jung, 2010). His childhood can be described as being quite turbulent for it was filled with her parents bickering and his mother eventually overpowering his father. He believed that his father’s masculinity was suppressed by his mother’s over-demanding nature and from then on Hemingway not only frowned upon marriage b ut began to believe that women were the biggest source of conflicts in a man’s life. He held them responsible for triggering identity problems in men and it can be rightly assumed that Hemingway too began questioning his identity because of his mother and sister. His tumultuous relationship with his mother was ostensible after some the letters that he exchanged with his mother became public and he openly passed derogatory remarks about her. Of course, every controversy has a story behind it and so travelling back into Hemingway’s childhood, one can easily see how the controversy was spurred into action. Back in the 19th century it was common for families to dress their males in feminine clothing. Therefore, so like every other young boy living in the late 19th century Hemingway was dressed in feminine clothes since birth. It was the set norm, but later on his mother, Grace, took it a step further and began dressing Hemingway and his sister, up in similar dresses, shoes , and even gave them the same hairstyles. She became intensely obsessive over making the two siblings look like twins. She went through great measures into keeping her fantasy alive. For example she made them sleep on the same bed; they were given the same toys, and such. Grace coupled the two up so much just so she could be happy in her fantasy world; she played with her children like dolls and often treated them heartlessly. The woman eventually cultivated

Illegal Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Illegal Immigration - Essay Example These people who make the entry are known as immigrant (Immigrant Assist, 2012). An immigrant who enters another country without going through the laid down laws therefore becomes an illegal immigrant. In the United States of American and in all legal jurisdictions around the world, illegal acts are offensive and punishable by law. For this reason, the fact that a person is touted as an ‘illegal’ immigrant alone renders the fellow an offender. Presently, there are very strict laws that prescribe various forms of punishments for people who are caught to be illegal immigrants. As a way of fighting against illegal immigration also, there are a lot of restrictions that have been put on people in the country who are not legal residents. Generally, the debate continues as to what should be done to people who are caught to be illegal immigrants. PROPONENTS Proponents of this debate argue on two major reasons why illegal immigrants should not be punished by the law. First, they argue on humanitarian grounds stating that people would generally travel to the United States of America by crook means because of the need to make greener pastures and alleviate themselves from the hardships they face in their countries. From a humanitarian perspectives therefore, these proponents advocate tempering justice with mercy. There also is an argument by the proponents that illegal immigrants contribute largely to the economy of the United States of America through their trade and other economic activities and thus the need to allow their integration into the United States population. In the light of the growing debate, there have been formal studies and research to confirm the quantitative contribution of illegal immigrants to the economy of the United States. For instance the White House Council of Economic Advisors (2007), reports that â€Å"U.S. natives gain an estimated $37 billion a year from immigrants’ participation in the U.S. economy, according to the Pr esident’s Council of Economic Advisors† (Drum Major Institute, 2012). This figure is by no means a small amount of money to the economic growth of the United States. For each illegal immigrant that is expelled from the country therefore, there is a percentage of this amount that is lost to the United States economy. OPPONENTS There are also those who do not agree that illegal immigration should be entertained. In the view of these opponents, illegal immigrants should continue to be sanctioned and expelled from the United States of America. These opponents argue on two major grounds. The first has to do with the argument of security reasons whiles the second has to do with improper national planning policy. First, it is argued that the continuous stay of people whose information cannot be accounted for constitutes a major security threat to the country. Especially as it is becoming clear that the United States is having more and more international enemies, it is always i mportant that authorities in the country can monitor each and every resident and their activities. However, this is not possible if people enter the country illegally or overstay their visa dates. Again, because the country does not have any formal information on illegal immigrants, it becomes very difficult to include them in national planning

Prejudices in Workplace Essay Example for Free

Prejudices in Workplace Essay Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race | People say black people are lazy. |People say white people are smart |People say Jews are cheap but | | | |and blonds are dumb. |rich. | |Religion |Wiccan Pentacle Study, worship the|Gothic people are very weird and |Muslims are terrorist and women | | |devil. |violent.|are beneath them. | |Sexual Orientation |When someone see a feminine man |When someone sees masculine women |People say homosexuality is wrong | | |and call him gay. |she is a lesbian. |and immoral. | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? The aspects of positive stereotypes can be positive if a person know the difference and have the knowledge to understand what a person may be stating. If we prefer to someone as a â€Å"jock† we are acknowledging that this person is into sports. A person that is known to be preferred to by â€Å"Gothic† or â€Å"Punk† is because of the type of music they listen to and the type of clothing they wear. Usually no one is offended by this because it is factual and evident and these are positive aspects of stereotypes. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? The negative aspects of stereotypes are the lack of understanding, the ignorance, and the labeling of someone to hurt their feelings as an individual or a group of people. A person may see a female with a short hair cut like a man and call them a dike without getting to know who that person is and assuming that this is what they are. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotype is something conforming to a fixed or general pattern, a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinions, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. Prejudice is prejudgment and negative attitude based on sex, race, age, sexual orientation, nationality, socioeconomic status, and religion towards an individual or group of people. The difference between stereotype and prejudice is that stereotype is standardized beliefs about people based on some prior assumptions. Prejudice is a type of judgment or assumption about somebody before having sufficient knowledge to judge with accuracy. Example of stereotype is all policemen eat donuts. Example of prejudice is an organization that hires more males and reject females are known to be prejudice. What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is that stereotyping promotes prejudice and that prejudice reduction depends on stereotype change. Prejudice also influences the extent of stereotyping. The important theoretical tradition posits that this effect emerges because prejudice encourages the use of stereotypes as a means to justify societal inequality (e.g. , Allport, 1954; Katz Braly, 1933; Lippmann, 1922). What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Intolerance stems from ignorance and arrogance this go hand in hand and people need to understand and have the knowledge not to pre-judge people. In order to prevent prejudice from occurring we need to begin now with the way we are raising our children and teach them not to be judgmental and preconceive people before we get to know someone. Teach them not to assume to not like someone because of the color of their skin or where they come from. People are people no matter what they may look like, getting to know a person is very important and not to judge a book by its cover. Have rallies of all race and culture so people can have a better understanding of others. It starts at home teach your children a better way so that they will understand life in a better perspective. Reference: Voices. yahoo. com/stereotyping, Psychology. about. com, www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary, azam. org.

An Over View Of The Tata Motors Company Marketing Essay

An Over View Of The Tata Motors Company Marketing Essay The concept of operations management is related to the optimum utilization of the resources in the best possible way. Introduction Established under the parent company, Tata Group, in 1945, Tata Motors Limited has become Indias largest automobile company. It was the first Indian automobile company to list on the New York Stock Exchange. Tata Motors began manufacturing commercial vehicles in 1954 with a 15-year collaboration agreement with Daimler Benz of Germany. This partnership has led Tata Motors to not only become Indias largest automobile company but also Indias largest commercial vehicle manufacturer; the worlds top five manufactures of medium and heavy trucks and the worlds second largest medium and heavy bus manufacturer. Having just entered the passenger vehicles market segment in 1991, Tata Motors now ranks second in Indias passenger vehicle market. Tata has enjoyed the prestige of having developed Tata Ace, Indias first indigenous light commercial vehicle; Tata Safari, Indias first sports utility vehicle; Tata Indica, Indias first indigenously manufactured passenger car; and the Nano, the worlds least expensive The company that has been taken for the purpose of demonstrating operation management and its effectiveness is Tata motors India Pvt. Ltd. The fact that tata motors came up with a small car in the Indian market and has been very succesfull it needs to be understood that what it is that instigated the success to such a boundry. Tata Motors is Indias largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of USD 20 billion in 2009-10. It is the leader in commercial vehicles and among the top three in passenger vehicles. Tata Motors has products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer, the worlds second largest bus manufacturer, and employs 24,000 workers. Since first rolled out in 1954, Tata Motors has produced and sold over 4 million vehicles in India. Established in 1945, when the company began manufacturing locomotives, the company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in a collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors is a dual-listed company traded on both the Bombay Stock Exchange, as well as on the New York Stock Exchange. Tata Motors in 2005, was ranked among the top 10 corporations in India with an annual revenue exceeding INR 320 billion. In 2010, Tata Motors surpassed Reliance to win the coveted title of Indias most valuable brand in a annual survey conducted by Brand Finance and The Economic Times. Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar , Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Sanand,Dharwad and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina, South Africa and Thailand. Tata Motors aimed to increase its presence worldwide. In 2004, it acquired the Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company of South Korea. The reasons behind the acquisition were: Companys global plans to reduce domestic exposure. The domestic commercial vehicle market is highly cyclical in nature and prone to fluctuations in the domestic economy. Tata Motors has a high domestic exposure of ~94% in the MHCV segment and ~84% in the light commercial vehicle (LCV) segment. Since the domestic commercial vehicle sales of the company are at the mercy of the structural economic factors, it is increasingly looking at the international markets. The company plans to diversify into various markets across the world in both MHCV as well as LCV segments. To expand the product portfolio Tata Motors recently introduced the 25MT GVW Tata Novus from Daewoos (South Korea) (TDCV) platform. Tata plans to leverage on the strong presence of TDCV in the heavy-tonnage range and introduce products in India at an appropriate time. This was mainly to cater to the international market and also to cater to the domestic market where a major improvement in the Road infrastructure was done through the National Highway Development Project. Tata remains Indias largest heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer and Tata Daewoo is the 2nd largest heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer in South Korea. Tata Motors has jointly worked with Tata Daewoo to develop trucks such as Novus and World Truck and buses namely, GloBus and StarBus. In January 2008, Tata Motors launched Tata Nano, the least expensive production car in the world at about 120,000 (US $3000).The city car was unveiled during the Auto Expo 2008 exhibition in Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Tata has faced controversy over developing the Nano as some environmentalists are concerned that the launch of such a low-priced car could lead to mass motorization in India with adverse effects on pollution and global warming. Tata has set up a factory in Sanand, Gujarat and the first Nanos are to roll out summer 2009. Tata Nano Europa has been developed for sale in developed economies and is to hit markets in 2010 while the normal Nano should hit markets in South Africa, Kenya and countries in Asia and Africa by late 2009. A battery version is also planned. Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of 35,651.48 crore (US$7.74 billion) in 2007-08. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles in India with products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. Tata vehicles are sold primarily in India, and over 4 million Tata vehicles have been produced domestically since the first Tata vehicle was assembled in 1954. The companys manufacturing base in India is spread across Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) and Dharwad (Karnataka). Following a strategic alliance with Fiat in 2005, Tata set up an industrial joint venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce both Fiat and Tata cars and Fiat powertrains. The company is establishing a new plant at Sanand (Gujarat). Tatas dealership, sales, service and spare parts network comprises over 3500 touch points. Ta ta Motors also distributes and markets Fiat branded cars in India. Current Situation The Tata Motors group is a passenger and commercial vehicle manufacturer based in India. The motor group was established in 1945 as part of the larger Tata Group. They have long been known for their commercial vehicles and in the past ten years entered into the passenger car market. Currently, Tata Motors has a line of five passenger vehicles and a large line of commercial vehicles producing pickups, trucks, tractor trailers, tippers, and buses. Both product lines of the Tata Motors group have seen success, but much of this has been built upon the more deeply established commercial vehicle product line. Tata Motors commercial line has been established for several years in many market segments such as Europe, Africa, The Middle East, Australia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Tata Motors has expanded their business and market share around the world through a series of acquisitions. In 2004, they acquired Daewoo commercial vehicle Company in South Korea which was South Koreas second largest truck manufacturer. This acquisition gave Tata Motors a significant presence in the Korean market. They have also entered into joint ventures with companies such as Thonburi Automotive in 2006, which allowed them to manufacture and market pickup trucks in Thailand. Tata Motors have been making global headlines in the auto industry lately; the largest news being their acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford. Tata paid 2.3 billion dollars to Ford for the two brands that cost Ford 5.3 billion (Carty, USA Today). This is a major step for the company because it catapults them into the luxury car business which they are not known for at this time. Tata, like many new businesses it acquires, is allowing this new segment of the business to be run by previous management since they have more experience in the luxury automotive business. Tata will give us some space. They want us to run our business, be a premium British car company (Mike ODriscoll, managing director of Jaguar). This is yet another large acquisition for the Tata Motors group and could create great success for the company in the near future. Corporate Governance Since Tata Motors is a part of a large conglomerate company it needs to have a strong corporate governance to ensure that its employees act ethically and the business continues to run smoothly especially during the ever changing and dynamic global economy. Tata Groups corporate governance is founded upon a rich legacy of fair, ethical, and transparent governance practices (tatacarsworldwide.com). One of the more important parts of this is the transparency of the company people have a right to know what the company is doing not only to ensure ethical practices, but for the insurance of their many shareholders whom have a right to know the inner workings of the company Tata has created some models for employees to guide themselves through everyday business practices to ensure that the corporate governance is continuously being upheld. The Tata business excellence model is upheld by Tata quality management services. Quality management is an in-house group dedicated to helping the various Tata companies achieve their business objectives through specific processes. The two main processes that the quality management services employees focus on are business excellence and business ethics. These two objectives have helped build Tata into the strong, dynamic company it is today. These models are entrenched in the companys ethnical standards and Tata feels strongly about enforcing both throughout the company. Tata quality management services plays the role of supporter and facilitator in the journey that Tata enterprises undertake to reach the peaks of business eminence while, at the same time, adhering to the highest ethical standards (Tata.com). To further prove their commitment to quality and ethical practices Tata has introduced annual quality awards for those companies conducting business with the utmost quality. These awards are called the JRD quality value awards named after the late chairmen JRD Tata. These awards are presented annually on July 29th, the birthday of JRD Tata. Tata has committed to ensuring quality and ethical standards not only within Tata Motors, but throughout their many other branches and sectors of the Tata Group. They have done so by benchmarking quality standards through the Tata business excellence model as well as providing incentives for companies to strive to improve the quality of their service, by awarding JRD quality management awards. Financial Position Tata Motors have increased its earnings over the years through their various acquisitions and joint ventures with truck manufacturers in Southeast Asia. Gross profit in the year 2006 was 1,160.9 million and increased to 1,510.1 million in the year 2007. Earnings after taxes also increased significantly between 2006 and 2007 increasing from 336.6 million to 405.5 million in 2007. After a large drop in revenues from 2004 to 2005 when the company first went public on the NYSE it has been increasing revenues greatly annually, from 4,422.0 million in 2005 to 7,354.0 in 2007. Core Competencies Tata Motors is able to maintain, as well as increase, their market share by capitalizing on their core competencies. Tata Motors is active, competitive, and dynamic in all aspects of the automotive industry, which means that there must be many different activities going on in all areas of the company. As a result of the ever evolving automotive industry Tata Motors must always be changing and one way to stay at the forefront of the industry is to make continuous improvements in technology through research and development. One way that Tata Motors has done this is by producing one of the most efficient and low cost vehicles on the market. Acquisitions, mergers, and expansion is another core competency that Tata Motors has is embedded in their company structure and philosophy. Another core competency that Tata Motors holds is being located in the India. This location has allowed them to understand not only the Indian market but also the dynamics of emerging and developing markets. This market understanding and knowledge allows Tata Motors to manufacture their products at lower costs, sell them to emerging markets while making profits as well as take advantage of the strong labor base in India. PEST Analysis Political Since Tata Motors operates in multiple countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Australia, it needs to pay close attention to the political climate but also laws and regulations in all the countries it operates in while also paying attention to regional governing bodies. Laws governing commerce, trade, growth, and investment are dependent on the local government as well as how successful local markets and economies will be due to regional, national and local influence. In accordance, Tatas headquarters in Mumbai, India, strictly controls and regulates operations in all dealerships and subsidiaries, in addition to knowing and abiding by all labor laws in the multiple countries where they have manufacturing plants it has to watch political change. Economic Operating in numerous countries across the world, Tata Motors functions with a global economic perspective while focusing on each individual market. Because Tata is in a rapid growth period, expanding or forming a joint venture in over five countries world-wide since 2004, a global approach enables Tata Motors to adapt and learn from the many different regions within the whole automotive industry. They have experience and resources from five continents across the globe, thus when any variable changes in the market they can gather information and resources from all over the world to address any issues. For instance, if the price of the aluminum required to make engine blocks goes up in Kenya, Tata has the option to get the aluminum from other suppliers in Europe or Asia who they would normally get from for production in Ukraine or Russia. Tata Motors also has to pay close attention to shifts in currency rates throughout the world. Currency fluctuations can equate to higher or lower de mands for Tata vehicles which in turn affect profitability. It can also mean a rise in costs or a drop in returns. But they also have to pay attention to not just the domestic currency, the rupee, but also to the dollar, euro, bhat, won, and pound, to just name a few. Just because the rupee is strong against the dollar does not mean it is strong against all the other currencies. Attention to currency is important because it influences where capital investment will develop and prosper. Social Undoubtedly, the beliefs, opinions, and general attitude of all the stakeholders in a company will affect how well a company performs. This includes every stakeholder from the CEO and President, down to the line workers who screw the door panel into place, from the investor to the customer, the culture and attitude of all these people will ultimately determine the future of a company and whether they will be profitable or not. For this reason, Tata Motors tends to use an integration and rarely separation technique with foreign companies they acquire. In 2004, Tata Motors acquired Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, which was at the time Koreas second largest truck maker. Rather than using de-culturation or assimilating Daewoo, Tata took an integrated approach, and continued building and marketing Daewoos current models as well as introducing a few new models globally just as it had been done under Korean management. Technology Tata Motors and its parent company, the Tata Group, are ahead of the game in the technology field. The foundation of the companys growth is a deep understanding of economic stimuli and customer needs, and the ability to translate them into customer-desired offerings through leading edge RD (Tata). Employing 1,400 scientists and engineers, Tata Motors Research and Development team is ahead of the pack in Indias market and right with the rest of the field internationally. Among Tatas firsts are the first indigenously developed Light Commercial Vehicle, Indias first Sports Utility Vehicle and, in 1998, the Tata Indica, Indias first fully indigenous passenger car, as well as the increasingly famous Tata Nano, which is projected to be the worlds cheapest production car (Tata). In the automotive industry, it is becoming increasingly crucial for manufacturers to stay on top of the technology curve with new problems always rising such as escalating gas prices and pollution problems. Tata rec ognizes this and dedicates lots of resources and time into research and development to be even with or preferably ahead of other competitors, global trends, and changing economies. In all, an automobile manufacturer must change, adapt, and evolve to stay competitive in the automotive game, and this is exactly what Tata is doing with their rapid growth, and extensive research and development. SWOT Analysis Strengths Tata Motors excels when it comes to innovation through intensive research and development. Their ability to make the least expensive car on the market, the Nano which will retail for $2,500, is far beyond what any other car dealership has created. This innovation gives Tata Motors their main competitive advantage. Tata Motors makes everything from tractor-trailers to the worlds least expensive car. This product diversity grants them a competitive advantage over their competitors because they can satisfy more markets and customer needs. Another strength that Tata Motors possesses is high corporate responsibility. They donate a portion of their profits from stock increases towards a specific charity. This highlights Tata Motors overall desire for community improvement while also emphasizing Tata Motors high morals and values which is something money can not buy. Tata Motors is unique in a way in which when it buys a company. Tata Motors keeps the original management of that company int act. The company that Tata Motors purchases will look exactly the same in terms of management and organizational structure as if it was never purchased by Tata Motors. Weaknesses There are strings attached with every new invention and improvement on products. These strings are Tata Motors weaknesses and what other groups perceive as their weaknesses. One weakness that Tata Motors faces is its inability to meet safety standards. Although they have made the most inexpensive car out on the market, it has yet to pass all the safety standards which is a legal factor. Some consumers and pessimists inquire as to how Tata Motors can make such a cheap car and withstanding a car accident or not just falling apart after hitting something once. Pessimistic people also want to believe that car manufactures are already doing everything they can to keep costs low for the consumer, and if that is the case, then putting the cheapest car out on the market automatically questions if it is safe to drive.Tata Motors only have been making passenger cars for the approximately last ten years. This can be viewed as a weakness from a customer standpoint since a decade does not seem li ke a lot to consumers and therefore they will think that Tata Motors is inexperienced car manufacturing. Opportunities Tata Motors has already opened the doors for many new and innovative ideas, but not only for their company, but their competitors as well which could turn into a threat. One of the major opportunities that Tata Motor faces is that as of right now 90 percent of China and Indias adult population do not own cars, partly because cars are costly and require more expenses after purchased. So the market for a low-priced car is huge which benefits Tata Motors perfectly since they produce the lowest priced car on the market. This is a huge opportunity for Tata Motors because if they can get their feet into that market of people that do not have cars because they cannot afford them, then they will make large profits down the road. Chinas total car sales are estimated at over 8 million dollars annually and they were the worlds second largest car market in 2006. Chinas government forecasts that demand for cars will top 20 million by 2020. With Tata Motors in the market with the cheapest car, Chinas demand for cars will probably increase even more significantly which will in turn increase sales for Tata Motors. As of March 2008 Tata Motors finalized a deal with Ford Motor Company to acquire the British businesses, Jaguar Cars and Land Rover. This is a huge opportunity for Tata Motors since they will acquire the large knowledge base and technologies for producing and marketing luxury vehicles. This acquisition helps them dive into the more mature markets in Japan, Europe and the U.S. The knowledge transfer from these two companies will greatly improve Tata Motors ability to continue to grow and flourish in both developing and developed market segments. Threats The obvious threat to Tata Motors is intellectual property rights. Tata invented the cheapest car on the market and every automobile manufacturer wants to know how Tata did it. Headhunters are soon going to find out this valuable information and make it available to their own company. This is a huge threat to Tata Motors because at first they had low competition, but once other car manufactures find out how they invented such a low cost car, and then these companies too will jump on board and design their own line of low cost automobiles. On one hand this can be a threat, but on the other it may not affect Tata Motors at all because people will still want to purchase their product since they were the pioneers of all the excitement. Another main concern that Tata Motors faces is that cheap cars in India will have an adverse effect on pollution and global warming because most of the population will be able to afford the cars.

My Philosophy of Teaching :: Philosophy of Education

Philosophy of Education Every high school student who plans to continue his or her education at a college or university has a reason. Some have plans to become doctors or lawyers. Other students have plans to become one of the most important members of our society, even more important than the president. Those students have plans of becoming a teacher. I am one such student. All my life, all I have ever wanted to do was teach. I loved school, for the most part. I had several teachers whom I adored. Many a summer day or snow day was spent playing school with my sister, and I was nearly always the teacher. It was a â€Å"job† I loved to have. Now, with each passing day, I am one step closer to realizing my dream of becoming an elementary teacher. I want to become a sixth grade teacher, instilling in my class the importance of education, but making the learning process fun and interesting for them at the same time. Too many students have teachers who lack the ability to hold their interest, or to make learning enjoyable for them. I want to become the exact opposite of that teacher. I believe that the overall purpose of education is to prepare our nation’s children for the various roles they will play in society, from friend to co-worker to supervisor. All the subjects I will be teaching should be preparing them for what they will become in the future: the doctor, the secretary, the computer analyst, or the teacher. But I also want to help them prepare for the social aspects of life: the mother, the father, the friend, or leader. Without the knowledge they need for whatever field they head into in life, they will not succeed, just as without the knowledge of how to be a good listener or a leader, can cause them to fail in social situations. I hope that I can show my students through my actions that it’s important to be patient and kind, even if you aren’t feeling patient or kind.

Simultaneous Bilingual Language Acquisition Essay -- Literacy Investig

Rationale and Strategy I originally grew up in a small town and wasn't exposed to different cultures like I am now in the city. I became fascinated with different languages and how amazing it is that children are capable of learning multiple languages at one time. To fulfill the requirements of a class here at State University, I spent two weeks assistant teaching at a bilingual elementary school. I greatly enjoyed this experience and returned home to become a nanny for a family near by my home that are raising their children to be bilingual with the help of the mother who is fluent in Spanish as well as English. While taking care of these children, I experienced language barriers and was faced with an amazing opportunity to witness children learning two languages first hand. I plan to discover the advantages or disadvantages of children being bilingual at a young age. I would like to investigate which language they are more fluent in and their strategies for increasing vocabulary in both languages. I wou ld like to discover the techniques that they are using for increasing their Spanish vocabulary in addition to their English vocabulary. My strategy for this investigation is to spend time with the family and observe them. I plan to note the toys or other strategies that the family uses to increase the fluency of both languages for their children. I will interview the parents as well as two of the three children since the other child is still an infant. I will observe the children playing and see which language they typically communicate with each other to and how they speak to their parents. I will do research on bilingual children and their language development in order to learn more information and provide the parents with s... ...abulary Development." International Journal of Bilingualism 6.4 (2012): 541-565. Print. MacLeod, Andrea, Leah Fabiano-Smith, Sarah Boegner-Page, and Salome Fontolliet. "Simultaneous bilingual language acquisition: The role of parental input on receptive vocabulary development." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 29.1 (2012): 131-142. Print. Patterson, Janet. "What Bilingual Toddlers Hear and Say: Language Input and Word Combinations." Communication Disorders Quarterly 21.1 (1999): 32-38. Print. Restrepo, M. A., A. P. Castilla, P. J. Schwanenflugel, S. Neuharth-Pritchett, C. E. Hamilton, and A. Arboleda. "Effects Of A Supplemental Spanish Oral Language Program On Sentence Length, Complexity, And Grammaticality In Spanish-Speaking Children Attending English-Only Preschools." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 41.1 (2010): 3-13. Print.

Education in the UAE Essay

Modern educational system of the UAE, which was introduced in the beginning of the 1970s, comprises a number of private and governmental educational establishments available both for male and female students. It has 4 academic levels, including primary, preparatory, secondary and higher education. The first three levels are compulsory. Governmental schools, colleges and universities are opened for the students to study for free. Currently, about 40% of educational establishments in the UAE are private (The US Department of State, 2007). The development of the country’s educational system started in the early 1900s, when a lot of engineering schools and colleges were opened throughout the country, including the Taimia Mahmoudia (opened in 1907), Al Ahmadia (1912), Al Otaiba (1930), Al Qassemia (1935) and many others. By the early 1950s, Al Qassemia became the first systematical school, where students were provided with organized curriculum and a system of exams, and it was the first educational establishment to launch school diplomas. In 1971, when the Emirates were united and the Ministry of Education was established, the modern era of education in the UAE has started. Several important educational reformations were implemented and a series of universities were established, including UAE University (1976), Higher Colleges of Technology (1988), Zayid University (1998) and others. In 2003, the first international education zone was opened in Dubai, which is currently a center of the country’s e-learning, development and research. According to the US Department of State, 25% of total federal spending is directed to education (The US Department of State, 2007). As a part of the governmental plan â€Å"Education 2020†, since the beginning of the century such important structural changes took place in education, as enhancement of elementary school curriculum, introducing new English language programs, launching innovative teaching techniques focused on self-learning, opening new up-to-date educational facilities and so on. References Taboor, A. A. (2008, February 28). History of Education. The Ministry of Education. Retrieved November 27, 2008, from: . The US Department of State. (2007). United Arab Emirates country profile. Library of Congress. Federal Research Division. Retrieved November 27, 2008, from: .

Constitution Cafe Essay

The Constitution Cafe written by Christopher Phillips is mainly about the viewpoints of students around the country and what could be different about the Constitution. While the majority of the students from the meetings feel like there should be a few things added to the articles of the Constitution, because things are different today than when it was first written in 1787. The book informs the readers on the basics of our rights and understanding more about the Constitution itself. There are many issues discussed such as immigration, justice for all, rights, money matters but I’ll only be going over a few of these issues. One argument Phillips discusses is the number of refugees who immigrate to the United States. There are a few students in the meeting that admit to be refugees, and are trying to support their families who are back in Mexico. They argue how it’s not right for Mexico president and leaders who are able to fly over into other countries in their private jets, but immigrants like Ricardo would end up getting killed for trying to find work in the U.  S. â€Å"We never had rights in Mexico, though our homeland’s constitution says we all have equal rights,† says Oscar (p. 112). Although they don’t have any rights in the U. S. , they still find a way to work harder than most citizens and will do anything to provide the best life for their families. I strongly agree with the Constitution Cafe Article the students wrote in which they want the Constitution to change, because most refugees who come to the U. S. want to have rights and live life without worrying about getting deported back to Mexico. Many Americans say immigrants shouldn’t be allowed if they weren’t born in the U. S. and call them names such as ‘wetbacks’ but some take that as a compliment since their backs are wet, because they work the hardest. Another argument the author addresses is with a few junior high school students who agree that every U. S. citizen when they turn the age eighteen should receive an equal lump sum payment of at least $50,000. 00. The students say you should only be able to keep the money if you’re doing good and spending it on well needed things. Sure, a few people will take advantage of their big payday and do nothing good with their lives if they don’t have to. But I’m betting most will make the most of this opportunity† (p87). We all know once you turn eighteen then you could be on your own and spend the money on unnecessary things. This is why I don’t agree with the students, and some points I can relate to like for instance some parents aren’t able to provide much so the money could help the family. I also see it as the population would sky rocket because everyone would have kids for the money once they turn eighteen. Life isn’t that easy just to have a huge payment waiting for you. It’s not fair to the ones who are over the age of eighteen and had to work hard for all that they have and didn’t just have $50,000 handed to them. A question I have for the students would be, â€Å"where the money would be coming from? † This is a very good argument, because any parent wants a good future for their child and especially if the money goes to college tuitions. Finally, the last argument that caught my attention is scout’s honor that the president should have to live by before becoming president of the U.  S. They argue about how easy it is to be president when all they ask for is you have to be thirty five years old and have resided in the U. S. at least fourteen years. A group of boy scouts say the president didn’t have to be a boy scout when he was younger but should promise to be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. Our next president could have been in a gang or committed some type of crime and they would still win the president election. The citizens want someone who will be role model to all ages and prove by his/her actions, not just words. â€Å"This article may be about the ideal qualities we want in a president, but most of all, if you read between the lines, it’s really about the ideal qualities we want in ourselves† (p105). Arturo statement is true because we all want to be perfect but we all mistakes and so will the president, but at least there’s one person who will have all the qualities that we need to run the U. S.  This one argument I strongly agree with from the beginning all the way to the end with the written Constitution Cafe Article. A president should give their full duty to our country and of course believe in God. Christopher Phillips message would have to be getting his readers to understand what our Constitution is all about and there could be changes to it every day in life by anyone but it has to get approved of course. Thomas Jefferson believed that Americans should rewrite the Constitution every twenty years to meet our current needs in the generation we live in today. This is why Phillips has traveled the country asking Americans if and how they would rewrite our Constitution if given the chance. His main goal is to make the U. S. a better place and keep us all updated with the Constitution itself and hope from reading the book that we all learned something new about all the different arguments. From reading Constitution Cafe, I’ve learned so much more about the Constitution and the changes that have been made over years. I can definitely say now I know a lot about Thomas Jefferson than I did before, and all that he has done for the U.  S. From the many arguments in the book, I talked about a few and summarized what it was about. We should understand the basics of our rights, and if there’s something we want to make a change to in the Constitution we need to get together and write an article. All of the U. S. citizens will have different opinions on immigrants, rights, president qualities, money matters, and many more topics that relate to the Constitution. I can’t wait to read the part two of Constitution Cafe in the next twenty years, and to see what will change for the future generations.